Question:

Where can I find the rules for creating new rules?

Spinoza’s most important contribution to modern democracy is this radical idea: he views the state and the political system as a profoundly human practice, for which there is no divine or scientific recipe. What scientists or priests think is best, isn’t necessarily best for society.


The rules for creating laws, rules and facilities are the outcome of a complex social process, in which people pursue their interests, follow their urges and fears, and some try hard to insert reason and knowledge. And what is the motor and soul of that process?

The libertas philosophendi, or free research, free thinking, free imagination. The blossoming of art and science are a prerequisite for a system that yields safety and freedom.